Torque
Definition
A rotational force that causes or tends to cause rotation, calculated as τ = F × r × sin(θ), where F is force, r is the lever arm length, and θ is the angle between them. Units: N·m, lb-ft, lb-in.
Practical Note
Maximum torque occurs when force is perpendicular to the lever arm (θ = 90°). Torque = 0 when force is parallel to the arm. 1 N·m = 0.738 lb-ft = 8.85 lb-in.
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