Tank Head Types
Definition
The end closure designs for cylindrical tanks. Common types include flat (flanged or welded), hemispherical (half-sphere), 2:1 elliptical (most common pressure vessel), torispherical (dished with knuckle radius), and conical (for drainage).
Practical Note
Hemispherical heads add volume equal to one sphere (4/3πr³). 2:1 elliptical heads add approximately 0.5236×D³. Flat heads are simplest but weakest under pressure.